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Detail: Amblyopia is a common eye disease in children. The prevalence of amblyopia in preschool and school aged children is about 3%. The occurrence of amblyopia is closely related to the development and maturation of children's visual system. During the sensitive period of visual development in preschool and early childhood, various reasons such as strabismus, binocular refractive errors or significant differences, cataracts, ptosis, etc. can affect the formation of clear object images at the macula of the retina in children, leading to visual deprivation. Abnormal binocular interactions can also result in different types of amblyopia. The causes of amblyopia are in the retina, optic nerve, and the visual nerve center of the brain. Therefore, optical correction methods cannot improve vision in children with amblyopia\ The therapeutic effect of n amblyopia is closely related to age, and the younger the age, the better the treatment effect. However, the younger the age, the poorer the patient's expression ability, and the harder it is to detect amblyopia. Often, it is only discovered during children's visual acuity check upon enrollment. Especially when parents of children with amblyopia who do not have strabismus are less likely to detect it, once the child's vision is found to be abnormal, their amblyopia has already developed to a considerable extent. Children with amblyopia not only have poor vision, but also cannot have complete stereoscopic vision, which can have a serious impact on their growth and development, as well as their learning and work as adults. Therefore, timely examination of children's vision, understanding and mastering the development of children's vision, and preventing the occurrence of amblyopia in children. The early detection of amblyopia in children should be highly valued by society and parents\ Through extensive clinical observations and experimental studies on animal models of amblyopia, it has been confirmed that the main cause of amblyopia in children is due to developmental disorders of the visual system that occur during the early stages of visual development (visual sensitivity period). Visual graphic stimulation signals are extremely important for the growing and developing visual system. Firstly, there must be continuous visual signal stimulation on the retina. Without image stimulation signals acting on the retina, it is equivalent to depriving the retina of the opportunity to receive visual signals, resulting in visual deprivation that prevents the central visual cortex of the brain from receiving visual signal stimulation and stops development; In addition, forming clear images on the retina is also a necessary condition for the formation of normal vision. Abnormal binocular interactions (such as strabismus and anisometropia) affect the formation of high-quality images on the retina. Due to the corresponding relationship between the sensory neurons and processing and analyzing neurons in the retina and visual cortex, the clarity of image signals formed on the retina plays an important role in the development and formation of neurons in the visual cortex that process light information. The input of blurry and inferior image signals into the visual cortex of the brain will have a negative impact on the normal development of nerve cells in the receptive field of the visual cortex. Over time, it will lead to central visual impairment, namely amblyopia\ n When children suffer from amblyopia, the main clinical symptoms are: 1 Low light vision decline; The vast majority of amblyopia patients experience a corresponding decrease in vision by a few lines when viewing a weak contrast visual acuity chart. 2. Crowding phenomenon in visual target recognition: Amblyopic eyes have a much higher ability to recognize individual visual targets than visual targets of the same size but arranged in rows. The detection of a single visual target cannot determine the true vision of a person with amblyopia, and visual acuity examination is necessary to detect amblyopia. 3. Contrast Sensitivity Funation (CSF) changes: Evaluating visual function by distinguishing sine gratings with different spatial frequencies and contrast can accurately reflect the visual organ's ability to distinguish between small and large targets, making it more sensitive than visual acuity charts. In amblyopia, there is a good correlation between vision and CSF. When vision is low, CSF is also low, significantly decreasing in the full frequency range or high and medium frequency ranges, and the peak of the curve shifts towards lower spatial frequencies. After excluding organic lesions in the eye and fully correcting visual acuity, contrast sensitivity is measured, which represents the visual modulation transfer function between the retina and the brain. Comparing with the curve of normal vision population can detect amblyopia in the early stage\ Young children, especially infants and young children, are the most important period for diagnosing and treating amblyopia. Among the various subjective and objective measurement methods currently used for children, some instruments are expensive (such as visual evoked potential measurement for VEP), while others have low accuracy (such as various subjective visual acuity charts), and the obtained data cannot be automatically processed, analyzed, and stored. Not convenient for tracking and observing visual development\ After long-term research, our technicians have successfully developed the Computerized Amblyopia Screening System (CASS), which is the first vision examination system in China to apply computer technology. This system combines modern visual theory with computer technology, and can automatically test and record children's vision through a personal PC. This system integrates the functions of multiple instruments and vision charts, and can automatically measure, process, analyze, and store various subjective and objective visual indicators such as children's vision, visual crowding, visual nystagmus, visual contrast sensitivity, and visual modulation transfer function. It effectively solves the shortcomings of various objective measurement devices in vision examination, such as inability to automatically process, analyze, and store data for a long time, and difficulty in standardization. CASS has achieved good results in comparison with conventional amblyopia examination methods and is suitable for amblyopia examination in medical institutions and households\ n Tel: (024) 81898050 Email: ch2zh1@tom.com

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